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Although salmonids are not native to Bolivia, some species have adapted very well to the sometimes extreme ecosystems of the Andes. With an average altitude of 3,700 m, often sub-zero temperatures, abrupt weather changes and large uninhabited areas, the Bolivian altiplano is one of the most hostile zones on the planet. Although these conditions make it difficult to establish a life, there are oases where they thrive.
Lakes or rivers?
To choose the right fishing area, you need to define your objectives. A wide variety of options are available. Indeed, the productivity of fishing environments varies enormously, and in general there are two types. First, there are rivers. These are often home to large populations of trout. In some rivers, it's not uncommon to catch more than 100 trout in a day, but rivers with large fish are rare. Secondly, there are the lakes. Unlike rivers, high-altitude lakes offer smaller populations, but much bigger fish. It's common to catch trout weighing over 2 kg, and in some lakes impressive records have been set.
The species
The rainbow trout is the most widely represented species in Bolivia, found in both rivers and large lakes. It has succeeded in adapting and thriving in all environments. Fario trout and brook trout can also be found. However, these two species have not developed to the same extent as the rainbow trout, and remain confined to a few rare lakes and rivers.
Flies
Contrary to what the conditions might suggest, the insects found here are relatively similar to those found in Europe. Trichoptera is the most common family, but you can also find a few mayflies and other plecoptera. So there's no need to complicate things, and it's best to use models that work in France. They should be mounted in dark colors (brown or black) to match the species present on site. Here's a short, non-exhaustive list of models that cover most fishing situations:
- Dry: March Brown, Sedge Chevreuil, Orl, montage araignée, Palmer, ...
- Drowned: Kebari, Peute, ...
- Nymphs: Pheasant Tail, Gammarus, Damsel, ...
- Streamer: Woolly Bugger, Zonker, Minnow, ...
Canes
To be able to fish all environments, it is advisable to have several rods. To fish high-altitude rivers with a large trout population, I like to use a 7'6 line of 3. As a general rule, rivers above 4,000 m are rather narrow and shallow. In addition, trout are present in large numbers, but of modest size. This is the ideal environment for light fishing. For larger rivers, I switch to a 9' line of 4. Slightly longer, it allows me to lengthen casts a little and control the line better when drifting. Finally, for lake fishing, I use a typical reservoir rod, a 9'6, 6 or 7 line. This rod enables me to fish with all types of flies and in almost all conditions, even in high winds.
Accessibility
The country offers many possibilities with varying degrees of accessibility. Some fishing spots can be reached directly by car, while others require several hours' walking. In all cases, it is advisable to prepare your fishing trips carefully. Although satellite photos provide a great deal of information, it is sometimes difficult to correctly estimate the condition of the road or the difficulty of the gradient. In these conditions, don't hesitate to be prepared to stay much longer than necessary. It's better to have a headlamp and not need it than the opposite, and to have too much water rather than not enough. On the other hand, there's no need to pack anything superfluous, especially when discovering a new place. Don't forget the altitude, which makes every effort that much greater.
Bolivia is one of those countries that holds many surprises. High-altitude salmon fishing is one of them. For the adventurous angler in search of tranquillity and a little-known environment, the Bolivian altiplano is the ideal place. However, you'll need to be well-informed to prepare for your outing, so that everything runs smoothly and safely. For some fishing spots, it's best to enlist the services of a local guide, who can help you avoid certain mistakes.
